汶川地震断裂带滑移行为、物理性质及其大地震活动性——来自汶川地震断裂带科学钻探的证据   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

李海兵  许志琴  王焕  张蕾  何祥丽  司家亮  孙知明 《地球物理学报》2018,61(5):1680-1697

断裂带物质组成、结构及其物理性质是理解断裂变形机制和地震破裂过程的基础和关键，断裂带地震（黏滑）和非地震（蠕滑）滑移行为不仅对了解地震活动性和山脉隆升过程具有重要意义，而且直接为防震减灾提供科学依据.我们以穿过龙门山映秀—北川和灌县—安县断裂带的汶川地震断裂带科学钻探（WFSD）岩心和地表出露的断裂带为研究对象，通过对断裂岩组成、结构、显微构造和钻孔物性测井数据进行分析研究，确定了龙门山逆冲断裂带滑移行为和物性特征，初步探讨了大地震活动性和有关断裂带的隆升作用：（1）映秀—北川断裂带倾向NW，浅部倾角~65°，发育的断裂岩厚约180~280 m，由碎裂岩、假玄武玻璃（地震化石）、断层泥和断层角砾岩组成.断裂带具有高自然伽马、高磁化率值、低电阻率、低波速等物理性质以及对称型破碎结构.断层泥普遍具有摩擦热效应的高磁化率值和石墨化作用特征，是古地震滑动的岩石记录.表明映秀—北川断裂带为经常发生大地震的断裂带，晚新生代以来类似汶川地震的大地震复发周期小于6000—10000年，具有千年复发周期特征.（2）灌县—安县断裂带倾向NW，浅部倾角~38°，发育的断裂岩厚约40~50 m，仅由断层泥和断层角砾岩组成，具有典型的"压溶"结构，表现出蠕滑性质.除压溶作用外，定向富集的层状黏土矿物和微孔隙的发育使断层强度变弱.断裂带具上盘破碎的非对称型破碎结构，除具低磁化率值特征外，其他物性与映秀—北川断裂带一致.（3）根据断裂岩厚度与断层滑移量相关经验公式关系，以及断层产状，粗略估算映秀—北川断裂带自中生代以来累积垂直位移量大于9 km，灌县—安县断裂带累积垂直位移量小于3 km.映秀—北川断裂带长期大地震产生的累积垂直位移量是龙门山隆升的主要贡献.  相似文献   

龙门山断裂带北段深部结构与反射地震特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

于常青  冯杨洋  瞿辰  范国玮  李恒强 《地球物理学报》2018,61(5):2038-2053

2008年5月12日汶川M_W7.9特大地震发生在龙门山断裂带，龙门山断裂带深部结构的复杂性制约了地震的破裂过程.通过对研究区区域地质、汶川地震前后采集的地震反射剖面等研究，在对龙门山北段汶川地震断裂带的深部结构和反射地震特征进行了分析的基础上，探讨了它对地表破裂过程的制约.研究结果表明，在地震剖面上，断裂带表现为能量破碎、联系性差；频率剖面上显示整体剖面频率在5~45 Hz，断裂带呈现频率低（15~26 Hz）等特征.龙门山北段映秀-北川断裂在10 km以上是一条倾向北西的高角度走滑兼逆冲性质的断裂，倾角50°~70°.它分割了西侧的轿子顶杂岩和东侧的唐王寨推覆体，错断了早期形成的逆冲岩片，从南到北总位移量由大变小.它高角度的几何形态约束了断裂以走滑为主兼逆冲分量的运动性质，降低了地表滑移量，影响了地震破裂过程以及余震沿断裂带两侧分布的特性.  相似文献   

2016年M6.2呼图壁地震发震构造及其对天山构造带隆升的启示:来自中近场钻孔应变观测的证据          下载免费PDF全文

龚正  李海兵  荆燕  李丽 《地球物理学报》2020,63(4):1386-1402

天山山脉在新生代经历了强烈的构造隆升和地壳缩短作用，其周缘发生的地震活动是了解这一构造模式的窗口.对2016年呼图壁地震的发震构造有两种解读：向南倾斜的低角度逆断层和向北倾斜的高角度逆断层.中近场四台钻孔应变仪记录到了本次地震的同震响应，本文采用均质模型对IGP-CEA和USGS震源机制解进行模拟，结果显示发震断层为向北陡倾的反冲断层，15个原始方位和8个N-S、E-W方位观测值全部与预测值一致.对比天山北缘常见的低角度逆冲断层，反冲断层对构造隆升的贡献更有效，以断层倾角70°和19°计算，二者对隆升和缩短贡献比例分别为2.89：1和1：2.76.这一结果表明天山构造带内部的反冲构造同样具有单独发震的可能性，它们对天山现今的隆升高度同样起着不可忽视的作用.  相似文献   

龙门山南段前陆区晚第四纪构造变形样式   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

姜大伟  张世民  李伟  丁锐 《地球物理学报》2018,61(5):1949-1969

龙门山中南段前陆区是青藏高原东缘唯一发育新生代薄皮构造与沉积盆地的地段，研究其最新构造变形样式有助于深入理解青藏高原向东扩展的构造机理.论文通过青衣江河流阶地测量与古青衣江洪积扇形态重建，研究了龙门山南段前陆区晚第四纪活动构造格局及其活动性，取得了如下认识：（1）青衣江河流阶地纵剖面显示，龙门山南段前陆地区晚第四纪变形主要为褶皱作用，总体地壳缩短速率为2.5~3.9 mm·a^-1，远大于山区冲断带0.48~0.77 mm·a^-1的地壳缩短速率，地壳缩短主要由前陆地区吸收；（2）青衣江古洪积扇错断变形显示，龙门山南段前陆区活动构造表现为北西—南东向地壳缩短与近东西向的地壳缩短的叠加作用，两者分别受控于巴颜喀拉块体南东向推挤作用与川滇块体向东推挤作用；（3）自中新世初川滇块体向南东挤出，四川盆地西南角起到分流青藏高原物质的作用，其西南侧物质通过鲜水河—小江断裂带的左旋错动向南东方向分流，其西北侧物质通过龙门山断裂带的右旋错动向北东方向分流，迎面受到了最大的推挤作用，进而向前陆扩展形成了薄皮褶皱构造带.  相似文献   

东天山中段区域化探异常评价方法研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

韩天成 《地质与勘探》2011,47(5):885-893

本文利用1/20万区域化探数据,研究了东天山中段地区针对不同类型铜矿化的元素组合异常圈定方法。选择典型（含）铜矿床及其周围地段的化探测量点为建模样本,通过因子分析,查明针对不同矿化类型的指示元素定量组合;以因子得分为综合指标,用泛克里格剩余值圈定化探异常。结果得到3个元素组合：Cu-Co-Ni-Mn-V-Fe-Cr组合...  相似文献   

晚三叠世龙门山前陆盆地早期(卡尼期)碳酸盐缓坡和海绵礁的淹没过程与动力机制   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

李勇  苏德辰  董顺利  孙玮  杨荣军  刘树根  颜照坤  闫亮 《岩石学报》2011,27(11):3460-3470

晚三叠世龙门山前陆盆地分布于扬子克拉通西缘,属于印支期造山楔构造负载驱动的挠曲型前渊凹陷.其中卡尼期马鞍塘组是分布于底部不整合面之上的第一套地层单元,记录了前缘隆起边缘碳酸盐缓坡和海绵礁的构建和淹没过程.据钻孔揭示马鞍塘组的最大厚度超过250m,显示为西北厚东南薄的楔形结构,从北西向南东依次分布了深水盆地、碳酸盐缓坡和海绵礁和浅水滨岸带等沉积物类型.其中碳酸盐缓坡和海绵礁分布于前陆盆地的远端,呈面向西的条带状展布,其走向线与龙门山冲断带的走向大致平行.碳酸盐缓坡和海绵礁的厚度介于30～100m之间,由北西向南东变薄.在垂向上,马鞍塘组由3部分构成,下部为鲕粒滩和生物碎屑滩,中部为海绵礁,上部为黑色页岩,显示为向上变细、变深的沉积序列.在Li et al.(2003)盆地模拟的基础上,本次对卡尼期前陆盆地的沉降速率、沉积速率、海绵礁生长速率、相对海平面上升速率进行了定量计算,其中沉降速率为0.10mm·a-1、沉积速率为0.04mm·a-1、海绵礁生长速率为0.03mm·a-1、相对海平面上升速率介于0.01mm·a-1～0.05mm · a-1之间.研究结果表明:在卡尼期早期,相对海平面处于初始上升阶段,相对海平面上升速率较小,盆地处于欠补偿状态,沉积了碳酸盐缓坡型鲕粒滩和生物碎屑滩;在卡尼期中期,相对海平面上升速率等于海绵礁生长速率,海绵礁持续保持垂直向上的生长状态,形成了高度达100余米的塔礁;在卡尼期晚期,相对海平面上升速率大于海绵礁生长速率,礁顶的水深逐步变大,导致礁体被淹溺致死,从而在卡尼期形成了鲕粒灰岩滩-生物碎屑滩-海绵礁灰岩-页岩的向上变细、变深的沉积序列,显示了前陆盆地早期碳酸盐缓坡和海绵礁生长并被淹没的特有模式.本次研究成果表明龙门山前陆盆地的底部不整合面和碳酸盐缓坡、海绵礁的淹没过程是扬子板块西缘印支期造山楔逆冲构造负载的挠曲变形的产物,显示了在卡尼期松潘-甘孜残留洋盆的迅速闭合和造山楔构造负载向扬子板块的推进过程.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary glacial history of the Nalati Range,central Tian Shan,China, investigated using 10Be surface exposure dating          下载免费PDF全文

Mei Zhang  Yixin Chen  Yingkui Li  Gengnian Liu 《第四纪科学杂志》2016,31(7):659-670

  相似文献   

THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE PENGXIAN ACTIVE BLIND FAULT IN THE CENTRAL LONGMEN SHAN FRONT BELT          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Zhen-nan  LU Ren-qi  XU Xi-wei  HE Deng-fa  CAI Ming-gang  LI Ying-qiang  LUO Jia-hong 《地震地质》2019,41(4):944-959

The Pengxian blind fault is a typical active fault in the central Longmen Shan front belt. It has important reference value for understanding the growth mode and process of the eastern Tibetan plateau. Because the fault is covered by the thick Upper Cenozoic strata in the western Sichuan Basin, its three-dimensional spatial distribution, structural style and formation mechanism remain unclear. In this paper, based on several high-resolution 3-D seismic reflection profiles, together with near-surface geological data and borehole data, we investigate the structural geometry of the Pengxian blind fault and build a 3-D model based on the results. We analyze the shape and scale of underground spatial distribution of the fault through a three-dimensional fault model. According to the theory of fault-related fold and fold-accommodation fault, this paper discusses the forming mechanism of the Pengxian buried structures. The shallow tectonic deformation in front of Longmen Shan is closely related to the detachment layer of the Middle and Lower Triassic, and this detachment layer f1 horizontally propagates into the Longquanshan anticline in the western Sichuan Basin. The Pengxian buried fault is a typical fault-bend fold and the f1 horizontally propagates into the western Sichuan Basin with a fault slip of 3.5km. The Pengxian blind fault is a high angle(50°~60°)thrust fault developed in the front wing of the kink-band zone, striking NE-SW, with a total length of~50km; But the fault is not connected with the Dayi buried fault in the south section of Longmen Shan. They are two different faults, and this defines the scale of the Pengxian blind fault. This limitation makes sense for analyzing and evaluating the magnitudes of potential earthquake. All above study provides research basis for further analysis of the potential seismic risk in this area. The Pengxian blind fault is parallel to the anticlinal axis with small amount of offset as a fold-accommodation fault. We believe that the fault formation is related to the fold deformation of the fold front limb. The study reveals the geometry, kinematics and formation mechanism of the Pengxian active fault, and provides a basis for further analysis of fault activity and hazard. Therefore, there is little possibility of strong earthquakes at the Pengxian blind fault due to its formation mechanism of the fault which is generally characterized by fold deformation and shortening deformation. In this paper, we discuss the location of Pengxian blind fault in the middle of Longmen Shan and Sichuan Basin. Because the Pengxian buried structures are in the transition area, the shortening amount in Pengxian indicates that the absorption in the basin is quite limited. It reflects the blocking effect of Sichuan Basin. In the study, we find that the relationship between folds, faults and sediments is an important part of tectonic interpretation; the theory of fault-related fold and fold-accommodation fault is well used for analysis. This would have great significance for the study of structural deformation, which can help to build a three-dimensional model of fault.  相似文献   

APPLICATION OF SEMIAUTOMATIC EXTRACTION OF FLUVIAL TERRACES BASED ON R LANGUAGE-AN EXAMPLE FROM THE YELLOW RIVER TERRACES AT MIJIA SHAN          下载免费PDF全文

YAO Wen-qian  LIU-ZENG Jing  Michael Oskin  HAN Long-fei  LI Xue  WANG Heng  XU Xin-yue  LI Zhan-fei  ZHANG Jin-yu 《地震地质》2019,41(2):363-376

The generation, abandonment and preservation of terraces formed in active tectonic areas are important to the analysis of the role of the tectonics and climate along the temporal variations, so it appears significant as how to use the effective quantitative methods to extract and accurately depict these terraces. The increasingly convenient acquisition of high-precision topographic data has greatly promoted the advancement of quantitative research in geoscience, making it possible to analyze mid-micro-geomorphic features on a large scale, especially by studying the temporal and spatial evolution of tectonic deformation through accurate capture of micro-geomorphic features. Over the past decade, the rapid development of LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging)technology has provided unprecedented opportunity to access high-precision topographic data(up to centimeter in vertical and horizontal directions). However, its relatively high cost and relatively complex data processing techniques limit its widespread application in the field of earth sciences. In recent years, with the continuous innovation and advancement of topographic measurement technology, the three-dimensional structure of motion reconstruction technology(Structure from Motion, SfM)has gradually been introduced into the field of digital topographic photogrammetry due to its rapid advantage in providing quick, convenient and cost-effective methods for obtaining high-density geospatial point data. This method thus shows great potential for providing high resolution topographic data with comparable resolution and precision. Therefore, with the acquisition of more and more high-resolution terrain data in recent years, it is an important development trend to explore automated or semi-automated quantitative geomorphological analysis methods. R language, as an excellent programming language, has not been used in the geology and geomorphology, although is widely applied in medicine and meteorology based on its powerful capability of statistician and graphic visualization. In this paper, we focus on the Yellow River multi-terraces formed to the east of the Mijia Shan, which belongs to the Jingtai-Hasi Shan segment of the Haiyuan Fault. With the analysis and visualization of the high-resolution topographic data collected from the SfM in the environment of the R language, we implement the semiautomatic classification and mapping of the Yellow River multi-terraces. The method identifies 20 terraces with different elevation. Our results also imply that the younger terraces have better continuity and elongation, and the older terraces have more deformation, which can be demonstrated from their gradually notable semi-parabolic shape. Besides this, it also suggests the diverse evolution stages of the Yellow River terraces. Our study indicates that R language is expected to become an efficient tool of statistics and visualization of the high-resolution topographic data.  相似文献   

Influence of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw 7.9) on the occurrence probability of future earthquakes on neighboring faults     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

The Longquan–Shan fault and the Huya fault are two major neighboring faults of the Longmen–Shan fault zone where the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M_w 7.9) occurred. To study the influence of the Wenchuan event on these two active faults, we calculate changes of Coulomb stress on the Longquan–Shan fault and the Huya fault caused by the Wenchuan mainshock. Our results indicate that the Coulomb stress in the northern section (Zone A) of the Longquan–Shan fault is increased by 0.07–0.10 bars, that in the middle section (Zone B) by 0.04–0.11 bars, and that in the southern section (Zone C) shows almost no change. For the Huya fault, the Coulomb stress is decreased by 0.01–0.03 bars in the northern section (Zone A), 0.10–0.35 bars in the middle section (Zone B), and nearly 0.5 bars in the southern section (Zone C). The epicenter distribution of small earthquakes (M_L ⩾ 1.5) on the Longquan–Shan fault and the Huya fault after the Wenchuan earthquake is consistent with the distribution of the Coulomb stress change. This implies that the Wenchuan earthquake may have triggered small events on the Longquan–Shan fault, but inhibited those on the Huya fault. We then use the rate/state friction law to calculate the occurrence probability of future earthquakes in the study region for the next decade. They include the distribution of b-values, magnitude of completeness (M_c), the background seismicity rate, a value of Aσ_n and the duration for the transient effect (t_a) in the study region. We also estimate the earthquake occurrence probabilities on the neighboring faults after the Wenchuan earthquake. Our results show that, the occurrence probability of future earthquakes in the Longquan–Shan has a slight increase, being 7% for M ⩾ 5.0 shocks during the next decade, but the earthquake probability in the Huya region is reduced obviously, being 5–20%, 7–26% and 3–9% for M ⩾ 5.0 shocks during the next decade in sections A, B and C of the Huya fault, respectively.  相似文献